Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Performance Management - Essay Example sue that affects employee performance is the use of electronic communications especially in an era where social media has found its use in the workplaces. As such, companies us performance appraisals to evaluate their employees to reward the top performers and punish the non-performers. Therefore, the essay discusses the implications of random drug tests for current employees, establishes if it is justifiable to monitor the use of electronic communications and the importance of performance appraisals. Currently, companies are in a bid to implement policies that will allow them to random carry out drug tests on their employees. However, the random drug testing especially on the current employees is a subject to human privacy violation implying that organizations should consider the applicable regulations as well as statutes that protect the employee rights (Wall, 2011). On the other hand, random drug testing should take course under insurance and employment contract requirements to address the drug problem at the workplace. Random drug testing may be justifiable because organizations, through the executive management, have the responsibility to provide safe and healthy work environment. Employees who are on drugs may be a threat to others because they may be prone to mistakes that may result in serious injuries at the workplace. Therefore, random drug testing for the current employees is only justifiable if the employees sign the drug testing policy upon their employment to an org anization because this way, there will be a balance between privacy and safe workplace. In Canada, firing an employee can be quite a nightmare even if the employer believes that the employee is incompetent in the assigned task. The implication is that if the termination of the employee takes place in a wrong manner, the court may compel the organization to pay for damages. However, there are steps that organizations can take to reduce the chances of facing legal suit from the employee.

The Method of Scientific Investigation Essay Example for Free

The Method of Scientific Investigation Essay Thomas Huxley explains scientific investigation in more depth in his The Method of Scientific Investigation essay, what is he trying to say in this passage? It could be many things, it could be nothing or it could be something, were basically trying to find out what he is explaining when he talks about this certain scientific method. His meaning of scientific investigation is very detailed that one must use the operations of induction and deduction in their everyday lives, and its very much true but we dont notice it not one bit. For example; if you go and buy a cell phone you basically examine it and see it suits your lifestyle and liking, this is called induction, you were analyzing and tracing its logical elements. Huxley as well states something similar but towards a person buying an apple in a fruiterers shop. Huxley states, fou take up one, and, on biting it, you find it is sour; you look at it, and see it is hard and green. The shop man offers you a third; but before biting it, you examine it, and find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be sour, like those that you have already tried (Huxley 2). Buying a cell phone, shopping for an apple, or buying anything, you will in fact do some induction, its all in the method of scientific investigation, you generalized the facts and came to conclusion on your final decision on buying the product or not and then thats when you start deducting your choices during this method. Although, people perform inductions and deductions without even knowing that they are, they also perform hypothesizes. A hypothesis to me is an educated guess, as to Huxley; a hypothesis Just means that you are coming to a conclusion without examination. He uses a burglary for example stating that someone has broke open the window, entered the room, and run off with the spoons and the tea-pot (Huxley 4). He states that this is merely a hypothesis rapidly framed in your own mind, that you havent taken the time to properly examine the situation without scientific investigation. All throughout the second paragraph on page four of his essay he gives a brief explanation on what examinations he has gotten from the situation without jumping straight to conclusions, this also relates to induction and deduction, as well as his apple theory which a person will examine an apple and come to his/her final decision to buy it or not is also called a syllogism, he or she is coming to their final etermination. Thomas Huxley wants us to understand that scientific investigation is not as difficult as it seems but it makes everyday life possible. Huxleys tone throughout this essay was very familiar and direct because he talks to the reader about scientific investigation. For example, in his second paragraph on the first page he says, mfou The use of you in this one paragraph and throughout his essay makes it sound like he is talking to whoever is reading directly, thats why his tone is familiar and direct. In conclusion, Thomas Huxleys essay The Method of Scientific Investigation basically explains how this method will help a lot of people and it is used during our everyday lives, which makes it possible as well. The apple theory that he made in his essay is very useful in proving his point in his argument which one uses induction and deduction and come to a final syllogism in choosing an apple from a fruit shop. Also he explains his definition of a hypothesis, when one person comes to a conclusion without examining the situation with more depth, he talks about a urglary of a tea-pot on the fourth page to better explain the meaning of his definition of the term hypothesis, in a familiar and direct tone that really captivates the reader as he talks to them directly. So my definition of scientific investigation was close to his, in which I stated that it breaks down a problem to find a solution scientifically. Work Cited Huxley, Thomas. The Method of Scientific Investigation. Autobiography and Selected Essays. Copyrighted in 1909 by the Riverside College Classics Press. Ed. Ada L. F. Shell. New York City. Print.

Purpose and Efforts to Bridge the skills Gap

Purpose and Efforts to Bridge the skills Gap The Management Graduates today are deemed by industry as not being job ready and lacking the skills required successfully applying disciplinary knowledge and adding value to our globalised, knowledge economy. In this examination of postgraduate management education, the limited empirical evidence and research literature in comparison to that for postgraduate programs, particularly the MBA, is overwhelming. In a bid to satisfy industry demands, the most common response among business schools are the development of employability skills and enhanced involvement of industry professionals in curricula content and design, both subject to potential failings and criticism. This review of business school efforts to bridge the skills gap also examines the role, function and impact of management education, a research area significantly overlooked in recent years. The present research has discussed the viewpoint on the Management Graduates skills gap and the assignment of responsibility for its resolution. Few research questions which have been raised are, Is management education for enhancing higher-order intellectual and moral skills, such as criticism and inquiry, or to facilitate the development of job ready Management Graduates through industry-relevant education and research? This exploration of functional role leads us to reflect on the impact of management education on industry and society at large and their reciprocal influence on management education. The current research paper looks in to deep the various other issues responsible for the deep gap between the demand and supply of skills. Management Education in 21st Century Purpose Efforts to Bridge the skills Gap Vipin Agrawal Assistant Dean Research Integrated Academy of Management and Technology, Ghaziabad, India Dr. Vidhi Agrawal Assistant Professor Ajay Kumar Garg Institute of Management, Ghaziabad, India Introduction: Business and industry need highly educated and skilled employees. Employers are looking for graduates who have skills in three major areas: strong academic and thinking skills; strong technical skills in the field in which they work; and employability skills such as the ability to work in teams and communicate effectively. Numerous challenges in the twenty-first century will confront corporations worldwide. On a macro- level, these challenges will include globalization (Church, 2000; Friga, Bettis, Sullivan, 2003; Weisman, 2000), increasing competition, limited resources, deregulation, enormous scientific and social change (Barrett Beeson, 2002), rapid advances in technology (Greater Expectations, 2002), and growing diversity among the workforce, customers, and others (Allen, Bordas, Hickman, Matusak, Sorenson, Whitmire, 1998; Business-Higher Education Forum, 1997; Weisman, 2000). At the organizational level, corporations will evolve into smaller, more flexible corpo rate structures characterized by a reduction in hierarchical management layers, decentralized functions (Rabuzzi, 2001), and a focus on high performance, autonomous teams to address issues of quality and customer satisfaction (Business-Higher Education Forum). Industry analysts report that for success in the workplace, employees need to possess entry-level employability skills. These essential skills are often viewed as a companys most important raw material. Perry (2003) states as the information age turns the nature and type of work we do on its head, our traditional views of work, professions, and specialist skills are continually challenged and reshaped. Employers have stated that they prize worker flexibility and people who can think outside the square in finding new and better ways of completing job tasks. Employers will seek people who can think, conduct research, and adapt to change. To succeed in this complex environment, organizations will require individuals who possess a wide and complementary array of knowledge, skills, and attributes that allow them to confront successfully the complex issues facing firms on a global scale (Weisman, 2000). The next generation of MBA graduates will require specific skills to confront challenges to their organizations that include: a) strategic and integrative thinking, particularly with regard to global competition and the application of technology (Allen et al, 1998; Weisman, 2000); b) analytical capability to sort through large amounts of information to focus on the most relevant aspects (Graduate Management Admission Council [GMAC], 2005); c) a capacity for quantitative reasoning (Greater Expectations, 2002); d) the ability to influence and persuade highly diverse groups of employees, customers, strategic partners, investors, and other stakeholders (Friga et al, 2003; Greater Expectations); e) the ability to lead in an environment that spans global cultures (Barrett Beeson, 2002); f) decision-making in an environment of ambiguity and complexity (Mumford et al, 2000;Weisman, 2000); g) creative problem solving (Barrett Beeson; Martin Butler, 2000); h) adaptability to change (GMAC, 2 006); and i) a high degree of self-knowledge and social judgment (Mumford et al, 2000; Nesteruk, 1999). Research literature suggests, however, that there has been ongoing concern within the business community since the late 1980s that higher education does not adequately prepare graduates in these skills (Fugate Jefferson, 2001; Lundstrom, White, Schuster, 1999; Pearce, 1999; Porter McKibbin, 1989). Many corporations urge academia to place a greater focus on a real world orientation of how business operates (Chew McInnis-Bowers, 1996; Hersh, 1997) by emphasizing these skills in their curricula to a greater degree. Chonko and Roberts (1996) specifically report on dissatisfaction among corporate leaders over the lack of business graduates communication and interpersonal skills, intolerance for ambiguity and diversity, inability to think critically and to recognize common themes, and the students adherence to a single, narrow perspective of the world. The authors continue that corporate leaders perceive business curricula as falling behind in global strategies, and sacrifice qualitative thinking for a tools orientation. The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business [AACSB] (2003) responded to these concerns by revising its guidelines for business curricula on several occasions between 1990 and 2000 (Fugate Jefferson, 2001). The AACSB revisions, written by a committee of representatives from industry, labor, academia, and government, warned that a large percentage of post-secondary business degree programs were not keeping pace with rapidly changing demands in the marketplace. The AAC SB reports stressed the need to include in curriculum revisions a greater emphasis on ethical and global issues, demographic diversity, and awareness of macro-economic considerations. However, there are encouraging indications that the pessimism over a perceived lack of relevance in MBA programs may be unfounded. For example, several premier universities, including the Stanford University, University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School, Columbia University, and the University of California, Berkeley, have begun experimenting with innovative approaches to MBA education to respond to industrys concern. One such approach involves a required core curriculum that builds a basic framework in quantitative, analytical, strategic, and problem-solving skills drawn from scientific disciplines across the university, such as economics, mathematics, social sciences, and other areas. Moreover, there are indications that industry and academia increasingly are working together to identify critical issues facing MBA programs (Austin, 2002; Business-Higher Education Forum, 1997; Friga, Bettis, Sullivan, 2003) and to develop and implement curriculum changes that offer MBA students greater real world experience through internships, case studies, simulations, and other experiential learning approaches (Cudd King, 1995; Mintzberg Gosling, 2002; Rabuzzi, 2001). Curriculum Issues: Changing demands are requiring educators to use innovative teaching techniques to integrate employability standards into the curriculum. Education curricula must provide specific and appropriate preparation for students who choose enter the workforce immediately. By using innovative teaching methods, students are provided an opportunity to apply essential skills to real-world situations in both classroom and work-based learning activities. Industry partners should be included in the curriculum design phase to enable planners to better understand and incorporate real-world procedures and systems in instructional strategies.

Organization :: essays papers

Organization Initializing a classroom is the hardest part in teaching. It is a new beginning with the students, parents, and teachers. There is no possible way to start off a classroom by jumping into a lesson plan and expecting the students to learn. Students must be familiar with their surroundings and their classmates in order to establish a comfort level. "An educator must be well-organized and planned. The students must be able to trust the teacher and their peers that the classroom will be a safe place. It is very difficult to establish the right atmosphere with a group of students if it is not there from the first day of school" (Matthews A19). The first six week time period is usually set aside for establishing a climate with the students. There is a method known as, â€Å"morning meeting.† This is a daily scheduled routine. Every morning in the beginning of class the students are taught to sit in a circle and talk. They are first told to shake hands with the children nex t to them and become friendly with one another. Next they go around the circle giving everyone a brief introduction of themselves. For the most part, students are asked their name, age, and their hobbies. This activity not only gets the children acquainted with each other, but it also produces certain learning skills which need to be present. This teaches social skills, eye contact, self confidence, comfort, etc. The children become focused in others and interested in making friends. Without â€Å"ice breaker† events, students often have a hard time interacting with their peers. â€Å"A survey was conducted that asked children ‘How much do you like to play with this person in school?’ The lowest three females and males were then focused on for improvement of their social skills. Would you want this to be your child?† (Ladd 172). Student social skills play a large role in initializing an effective classroom setting. Now, since the students are acquainted with one another and their attention is captured, a beneficial prelude to begin teaching is established. Initializing A Classroom Teachers have a harder role than what is presumed. â€Å"†¦As ever, the discussion is couched in terms of contrasting the relative strengths and limitations of a whole class and group

Alcohol as an acceptable adjunct for occasions in our society Essay

There are approximately 50% or 126 million of Americans whom are past month alcohol drinkers, or also known as current drinkers. Also, approximately 23% or 55 million of Americans binge drink, and 6.6% or 16 million Americans reported heavy drinking. The estimated spending for healthcare services to treat alcohol problems, and its medical consequences of alcohol is 18.8 billion dollars a year. Alcohol is also officially linked to at least over half of all highway fatalities. To date, alcohol has been tried by 41% of 8th graders, 63% of 10th graders, 75% of 12th graders, and 87% of college students. Also there was an estimated 82 billion dollars lost in potential productivity due to alcohol and other drug use. We all know that alcohol is offered almost everywhere we go. At parties, in bars, in clubs, in stores, and restaurants. People consume alcohol for every occasion they can think of, or just to make their problems go away and to make them feel better, even though it is just for a limited amount of time. We all know what alcohol does, and can do. Why do we always chose alcohol at a party, in a bar, at a restaurant, or in a store? People can have fun without it. Alcohol is used to socialize better, but why cant people socialize without it? Why is alcohol used as an acceptable, unnecessary addition to celebrations such as parties, weddings, birthdays, and anniversaries, and as a way of relaxing and relieving stress and anxiety? People know what alcohol is about but yet continue drinking massively into more disasters. Reference: Drugs and Society Tenth Edition Chapter 8 p.182-191, U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alcoholconsumption.html#cat1 People use alcoholic beverages to enjoy while chatting with friends. Thinking about the effects of alcohol on the health of a person using it is never apparent. The holidays are the time when alcoholic beverages are mostly abused of which includes parties and small gatherings of friends and families. In this case, the people responsible in that activity such as hosts and party organizers must think of the safety of every drinking pattern. Any risky of harmful pattern must be regulated and prevented. I am not saying that it is acceptable to use alcohol during parties. What I am trying to say is that when drinking alcoholic beverages cannot be prevented during holidays, proper caution must be used in doing so to prevent untoward incidents.

Unequal income distribution in USA essays

Unequal income distribution in USA essays Unequal Income Distribution in the U.S.A. In recent years, increasing inequality in the distribution of income has been a subject of considerable public concern, political attention, and academic research. Income inequality is a measure of how equally the income pie is divided among all members of society. The relative income, or gauge, can be defined how well the poor are doing economically compared to the rich. In other words inequality is a measure of how equally the income pie is divided among all members of society. According to Paul Ryscavage in Income Inequality in America, income is influenced by several social, economic, and demographic factors. Occupation, industry of employment and source of income represent the economic factors. The main social factors are household composition, education level, and education quality. Finally, age, sex, and race compose the demographic factors (15). Socio-economic diversity can be a clean representation of how well income is distributed among social groups. In an ideal society the majority of households should have incomes above the cost of basic needs to create a well-balanced economy. Therefore, the foundation of economic success is based largely on this distribution providing a strong middle class that can support the economy and no extreme income gap between rich and poor guarantees economic stability. On the other hand inequitable income distribution may not only lead to economic problems, but also social problems. In Created Unequal, Peter Galbraith believes that income distribution analysis shows that the gap widens more and more between social groups and creates problems (3). These problems can damage the developing process of a society, thus finding solutions to create a well-balanced income distribution is essential for present governments. Through the historical review of the background of the issue of income distribution one can present possible solution...

7 YouTube Channels to Replenish the Stock of Your Essay Writing Music

7 YouTube Channels to Replenish the Stock of Your Essay Writing Music 7 YouTube Channels to Replenish the Stock of Your Essay Writing Music Music is a great thing to have when you are working. Music in the background can truly be beneficial for you when writing. The reason for this is that the brain does not actually tell time on a regular basis; it tells time based on the surroundings and environment. It is for this reason that listening to a boring lecture can literally feel as though it made time slow down, or when you are having fun with a loved one, time seems to speed up. Music plays a big part in this. Music can dictate to the brain whether time is going by quickly or slowly. Below is a list of great YouTube channels for music you can enjoy while writing your essay: Study Music Club Relax Channel EnjoyStudying Study Music StudyMusicProject Classical Music Compilation Relaxing Study Music Upbeat music with a fast tempo tells the brain that time is moving quickly. This is a great choice for those evenings where you have been working for hours and you are trying to combat sleepiness. Having happier, uplifting and fast music will make you think the work is going by slowly. This is best reserved for those times when you are handling administrative tasks like printing papers, stapling them together, emailing copies to yourself and your teacher, etc†¦ Slow, classical music will convince your mind that time is slowing down. This is ideal for when you need to relax and focus solely on your reading or writing. With calming and relaxing music in the background, your mind and subsequently your body will naturally relax. This is a great thing to have in the background as you are reading over multiple texts for research or trying to calmly put together a well-organized paper. It is very important to remember though that music with lyrics will prove distracting. So if you are trying to write a creative paper, you will likely find it harder to do if the music you have playing (slow or fast) has lyrics. The reason for this is that the brain is listening to the lyrics and going back and forth between focusing on the writing and focusing on the lyrics. This causes many distractions and delays. This is exacerbated by songs to which you have memorized lyrics. If you have memorized a song, or have heard it enough to subconsciously memorize it, then your mind will focus on that instead. When you are writing an essay, it is good to have essay writing music to help you stay motivated, but remember that music plays an interesting role in our level of production. So if you want to slow your mind down, pick something that is relaxing. If you want to speed things up and make a list of mundane actions seem interesting, then pick something fast paced. Just remember to avoid the music with lyrics you know quite well or you will end up distracted more often than not.

Best Friend essays

Best Friend essays Do you have a true best friend? I sure do. _____ is truly my best friend. She is always there for me. She knows everything about me; even my secrets. I cant keep anything from her! She is the person who will help me when I am down, turn my frown upside-down, and make me feel better about myself. I cant imagine any better of a friend. I love her more than anything and I would die for her. Megan and I are always together; no matter where we are! We go to places like the mall and movies, to the mountains and lakes! Together we go most everywhere! A few days ago we got Pose pictures together! We always go shopping together and she helps me pick out what and what not to buy! Together we are unstoppable! We also help each other with schoolwork, and family and friends problems. She helps me through my toughest times, and is there for my best times. Its hard to find a friend like that. You may just have good friends that you can count on sometimes, but to be dependable on a person and knowing they will be there for you, its hard to find someone like that. Without her I would not be as happy as I am now. We have so many inside jokes that nobody would understand unless they were there, or if they were just us! Not everyone gets our stupid jokes, and they might think that there immature and childish, but together we make them funny and get a good laugh out of it! Shes the kind of person that I could never lie to. Even if I did try to lie to her, she knows me so well; she could tell I was lying. Megan can tell if Im lying even if I am keeping a straight face! I dont know how she does it! We think so alike and its like were communicating with our minds! At the same time were always thinking the same thing or have the same idea. She also knows all my expressions and how I sound when Im hyper, frustrated, depressed, annoyed, or happy. Shes a friend that I could and will neve ...

Bank of America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bank of America - Research Paper Example It trades across various asset categories to companies, governments, organizations, and people in the globe and it company more than 150 countries of the globe. This essay seeks to analyze the talent management program that leads to the organizations success, the strengths of the program. It will analyze how they lead to achievement and opportunities for improvement. In addition, the essay will also create two effective approaches to meet the talent management challenges in the future. The talent management program used for the bank’s success was the use executive on-boarding approach. The bank accommodates international and local executives every year. This program is designed to help new executives learn to be facile in navigating the bank’s large matrixes organization. It also helps them in building and leveraging networks of relationships for career success and implementing the company initiatives. The bank utilized a multifaceted approach to establish at the execut ive level and the managements support to the development program of leadership. The development of the bank leadership executive activities include management, selection, on-boarding, performance, executive talent upgrading process, process of experiences development and compensation. The organizations culture promoted by Lewis encourages conduct, trust, teamwork, and accountability at all management levels. The company deeply emphasizes individual performance and believes that today’s performer is not necessarily tomorrow’s performer. To develop an effective on-board program, the firm has created a program that is categorized in to four phases, which includes the selection phase of the program. The company does not only use expertise and experience to select executives but also leadership ability and cultural fit. An executive lacking leadership and interpersonal skills as well as cultural sensitivity is perceived to cause derailments, (Bank of America, 1994). To elim inate this, the company uses partnerships with executive search firms to get the ideal candidates for the positions. The people in the recruitment position must have an understanding of culture and leadership requirement of the bank when called upon to do an executive level research. Job design is also another consideration made in the selection phase, whereby the stakeholders are given clear job specifications before they are given a mandate to conduct the executive research. This allows the hiring executive not to make a blind selection of the new employees. Additionally, the LD partner is vital to the selection phase as he serves as the main talent officer in the process of recruiting and on-boarding. This individual usually has between ten to fifteen years of experience and with a leadership or organizational development background. This experience gives them an increased level of credibility in the eyes of the executive and the stakeholders. After executives have been selected, this is the entry phase and the most critical weeks on a job are the initial weeks on hiring. The new executive is expected to accomplish dour vital outcomes; develop business acumen, learn organizational culture, master the roles of leadership demands and build critical organization relationships. The new executive must be able to learn customer and financial information in regards to his/her new roles. He /he must also set realistic goals

Forecasting methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forecasting methods - Essay Example In a stable data, the forecast for any period is equivalent to actual value of previous periods. Companies compile data to determine their current values and future position in business. Companies like Puma and Nike uses this technique to determine market progress and future sales volume. Communication and transport industries also use this technique to assess their progress (Turchin, 2010). Estimating the average forecast is another techniques used by many organization. The value is calculated by determining forecast error. In determining forecast error, the actual value is subtracted from the predicted value of a time series. Forecast error can be either a calendar forecast or cross sectional forecast error. In calculation of forecast error, an organization can use calculating methods such as root mean squared error, mean percentage error, forecast bias and tracking signal (Kimberly, 2008). Some organization like Emirates Airline, Virgin Atlantic uses this technique. Use of forecast techniques has led to growth of many companies and industries. Each business organization should consider using forecast methods to determine

Summary and analyze of No Place to Hide by Glenn Greenwald Essay

Summary and analyze of No Place to Hide by Glenn Greenwald - Essay Example The core there is that he came to realization that a small unit of people in USA did operate under their unique set of rules, receiving real protection from the government. As a result, the book came up as a result of vent up anger of the injustice in the society (Greenwald, pg. 30). The second chapter reveals the meeting point of Greenwald; MacAskil and Poitras spend in a debriefing session in Hong Kong. They have some fears that their conversations are overheard within their hotel vicinity. The fifth chapter reveals the unequal life that exists in the elite population. A clear rift is demonstrated. Those in that class did condemn the exposers of the matter greatly. In fact, they claim that a school dropout is not at the verge of production of such condemning messages to the government. Most significantly, he makes use of an â€Å"inexperienced journalist to pass the

National security of independent States (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the Essay

National security of independent States (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the post soviet space - Essay Example The group discussions we had as a group yielded the topic our present discussion, â€Å"National security of independent States (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the post-Soviet space,† which was agreed upon unanimously through a group vote. The group arrived at the topic after thorough deliberations of its significance and centrality in any attempt to understand the state of the independent states (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the post-Soviet space, especially given the ever-shifting and complex nature of the security environment in the post-Soviet space. Governments are charged with the responsibility of promoting and maintaining national security, which entails the protection of a state by using all the resources at their disposal including economic, political, as well as diplomatic power; in practice, national security in many states is determined by the combination of conditions influencing their security environment and dynamics. This paper will employ the constructivism theory to explore the national security of the independent states (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the post-Soviet space, while paying particular attention to the key themes in the region’s security environment, and highlight a probable approach for addressing these problems. Independent states in the Post-Soviet apace, often collectively referred to as the post-Soviet states or the former Soviet Union, or the former Soviet Republics, refers to a group of 15 states that emerged out of the dissolution of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in the year 1991 (Akiner, 1998 p.1089). The USSR dissolved both because of, and against a backdrop of a serious stagnation in the region’s economy, as well as recession; most of the independent states that emerged out of the dissolution embarked on the transition towards a market economy in the wake of the 1990’s, rebuilding and restructuring their economic systems. The independent post-Soviet states fall into five major groupings or

Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, Business Cycles, and Economic Growth Assignment

Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, Business Cycles, and Economic Growth - Assignment Example Owners of multinational companies in Malawi will receive reduced dividends. Some multinational corporations’ employees in Malawi will either be laid-off or receive lower salaries (Hansen, 2013). 6.b). If the president of Malawi imposes a mandatory minimum wage of $5.00 per hour, workers in multinational companies will receive better pay. Consequently, the level of poverty will reduce in the country. Multinational corporations will incur more cost especially salary expenses. Due to higher costs profits for the companies will reduce thus shareholders will receive lower dividends. Multinational corporations might lessen the number of employees to reduce the salaries expenses they incur (Hansen, 2013). 7. Western states like the United States and United Kingdom resort to deficit spending by borrowing money to stimulate economic growth or recovery in times of economic recessions. The main disadvantage with deficit spending is that it leads to interest rates. High-interest rates reduce the ability to borrow. High-interest rates discourage entrepreneurs to invest. Consequently, low investment rates mean that the production capacity of a country is reduced the general output of the country decreases hence. Reduction in the output of a country reduces the rate of economic growth in a country. Deficit spending means that the government spends more than the private sector. States tend to utilize resources inefficiently. So these actions might lead to wasted resources. Deficit spending and increased borrowing increases an economy’s inflation rate. Increasing inflation rate reduces the value of a currency and adversely affects its competitiveness with other currencies. Inflation wi ll also lessen the amount of savings (Hansen, 2013). 8. Listening to Laurence Kotlikoff of Boston University, I was interested in the argument he brought forward regarding the government’s concealment of its debt obligations. Kotlikoff pointed out that United

A geographer assesses the impact of diamond mining on South Africa Research Paper

A geographer assesses the impact of diamond mining on South Africa - Research Paper Example Mining is South Africa (SA) started in 1880s after the discovery of diamonds on the banks of river Orange. The mining of diamonds and other metals like gold, platinum and cadmium have significantly contributed to making SA the richest nation on the African continent.The impact of diamond mining in SA is a profound phenomenon whose results can be noticed with turn of the eye. The discovery of the first diamond on the banks of river Orange saw the subsequent change of the regions name from Vooruitzigt to New Rush to Kimberly (Ritter 372). This is just an example of how diamond mining had a life changing influences on the lives of everyone in SA. The discovery of diamonds in Kimberly led to a rush or a massive migration of people from other places who came there to mine this new found treasure. According to historical records, in 1873 Kimberly became the largest and most populated town in SA just a few months after the confirmation of diamond deposits in the region. Kimberly is today kn own as a town with one of the largest holes dug by hand held tools, which has contributed to the site being named as a world heritage site by UNESCO (Sharma 132). Kimberly a city in the Northern cape of SA is nowadays better known as the historic town that pioneered the mining revolution in SA, and helped forever shape the fortunes of the country as a leading producer of precious metals and gemstones. Diamond mining, in SA, can be attributed to have had a significant impact on the lives of communities and individuals who got directly or indirectly involved with the mining activities of SA. A notable character or name that is synonymous with mining and especially diamond mining and trade in the world De Beers. The second large diamond to be discovered in Kimberly was discovered on land belonging to the De Beers brothers who later came to dominate diamond mining and trade in SA and all over the world up to this date. This was made possible by the consolidation of the small mining comp anies of time to form the De Beers Consolidated Mines which has a monopoly over diamond trade in the world up to this date (Afolayan 68). Diamond mining caused elevated levels of rural-urban migration especially of black Africans who sought employment in the mines and the great city life experience that Kimberly as the largest town in SA provided. The De Beers encouraged this rural-urban migration because it provided cheap labor that was vital to the profitable running of the mines. The urbanization of this region in SA contributed to a myriad of both negative and positive social cultural factors that were directly or indirectly affected by mining activities. A good example of a vice or social ill that can be construed to be as a direct result of mining and the miners who worked there is prostitution (Marsh 230). Women and girls from every part of SA moved to Kimberly in an effort to cash in on the gold and diamond rush that was taking place. There were other varieties of socio-cult ural ills that are usually spawned by urbanization and they were all present in Kimberly. Mining helped create a phenomenon called the status quo, which saw the establishment of classes within the society. These classes saw black Africans occupying the lowest class in that society, which was the poorest, least educated and most oppressed by the rich and educated class of mainly white people (Pitzl 141). This unequal stature in society is still present today albeit diminished or in represented differently compared to that period. Urbanization meant that people got exposed to the white man’s education which can be said to have significantly contributed SA’

National security of independent States (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the Essay

National security of independent States (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the post soviet space - Essay Example The group discussions we had as a group yielded the topic our present discussion, â€Å"National security of independent States (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the post-Soviet space,† which was agreed upon unanimously through a group vote. The group arrived at the topic after thorough deliberations of its significance and centrality in any attempt to understand the state of the independent states (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the post-Soviet space, especially given the ever-shifting and complex nature of the security environment in the post-Soviet space. Governments are charged with the responsibility of promoting and maintaining national security, which entails the protection of a state by using all the resources at their disposal including economic, political, as well as diplomatic power; in practice, national security in many states is determined by the combination of conditions influencing their security environment and dynamics. This paper will employ the constructivism theory to explore the national security of the independent states (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the post-Soviet space, while paying particular attention to the key themes in the region’s security environment, and highlight a probable approach for addressing these problems. Independent states in the Post-Soviet apace, often collectively referred to as the post-Soviet states or the former Soviet Union, or the former Soviet Republics, refers to a group of 15 states that emerged out of the dissolution of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in the year 1991 (Akiner, 1998 p.1089). The USSR dissolved both because of, and against a backdrop of a serious stagnation in the region’s economy, as well as recession; most of the independent states that emerged out of the dissolution embarked on the transition towards a market economy in the wake of the 1990’s, rebuilding and restructuring their economic systems. The independent post-Soviet states fall into five major groupings or

A geographer assesses the impact of diamond mining on South Africa Research Paper

A geographer assesses the impact of diamond mining on South Africa - Research Paper Example Mining is South Africa (SA) started in 1880s after the discovery of diamonds on the banks of river Orange. The mining of diamonds and other metals like gold, platinum and cadmium have significantly contributed to making SA the richest nation on the African continent.The impact of diamond mining in SA is a profound phenomenon whose results can be noticed with turn of the eye. The discovery of the first diamond on the banks of river Orange saw the subsequent change of the regions name from Vooruitzigt to New Rush to Kimberly (Ritter 372). This is just an example of how diamond mining had a life changing influences on the lives of everyone in SA. The discovery of diamonds in Kimberly led to a rush or a massive migration of people from other places who came there to mine this new found treasure. According to historical records, in 1873 Kimberly became the largest and most populated town in SA just a few months after the confirmation of diamond deposits in the region. Kimberly is today kn own as a town with one of the largest holes dug by hand held tools, which has contributed to the site being named as a world heritage site by UNESCO (Sharma 132). Kimberly a city in the Northern cape of SA is nowadays better known as the historic town that pioneered the mining revolution in SA, and helped forever shape the fortunes of the country as a leading producer of precious metals and gemstones. Diamond mining, in SA, can be attributed to have had a significant impact on the lives of communities and individuals who got directly or indirectly involved with the mining activities of SA. A notable character or name that is synonymous with mining and especially diamond mining and trade in the world De Beers. The second large diamond to be discovered in Kimberly was discovered on land belonging to the De Beers brothers who later came to dominate diamond mining and trade in SA and all over the world up to this date. This was made possible by the consolidation of the small mining comp anies of time to form the De Beers Consolidated Mines which has a monopoly over diamond trade in the world up to this date (Afolayan 68). Diamond mining caused elevated levels of rural-urban migration especially of black Africans who sought employment in the mines and the great city life experience that Kimberly as the largest town in SA provided. The De Beers encouraged this rural-urban migration because it provided cheap labor that was vital to the profitable running of the mines. The urbanization of this region in SA contributed to a myriad of both negative and positive social cultural factors that were directly or indirectly affected by mining activities. A good example of a vice or social ill that can be construed to be as a direct result of mining and the miners who worked there is prostitution (Marsh 230). Women and girls from every part of SA moved to Kimberly in an effort to cash in on the gold and diamond rush that was taking place. There were other varieties of socio-cult ural ills that are usually spawned by urbanization and they were all present in Kimberly. Mining helped create a phenomenon called the status quo, which saw the establishment of classes within the society. These classes saw black Africans occupying the lowest class in that society, which was the poorest, least educated and most oppressed by the rich and educated class of mainly white people (Pitzl 141). This unequal stature in society is still present today albeit diminished or in represented differently compared to that period. Urbanization meant that people got exposed to the white man’s education which can be said to have significantly contributed SA’

Love and Patriotism Essay Example for Free

Love and Patriotism Essay Patriotism is a frame of mind in which one loves ones country and is proud of it. It is a vigorous feeling of love, loyalty and support for ones country especially in defense against its enemies. It means that one should give more value and importance to ones country than to ones own self. It makes one bound for certain responsibilities, and these responsibilities are ideological commitment and dedication to the defense and prosperity of ones country. Only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. (Nathan Hale) Man is a social animal. It is hard for him to breathe in isolation. Contact with his fellow beings is inevitable for mutual growth and economic development. Patriotism creates unity among the people for a noble cause and trains them to tolerate one and other and sacrifice for the country. Soldiers die not in hatred but in love. (Anonymous) Patriotism is a virtue that converts a mob into nation. Nations rise and prosper if their individuals are united by a cord of love, sympathy and sincerity. People learn to honor the freedom and independence of their country. They learn that they can prosper and progress if they have a deep natural relation with their country. Birds fly towards their nests, children rush to take refuge in the lap of their mothers and human beings move towards their homes for peace and shelter, and so is our country that gives us protection and peace. It is a sort of heaven for us. We should try our best to make it beautiful, secure, strong and peaceful. Our existence definitely depends on the existence and survival of our dear homeland. We can do so if we have an ultimate faith in our country. We must not undermine our relationship and association which we have with our homeland by birth. Waste no more time arguing about what a good man should be. Be one. (Mareus) Disciplined armed forces, hardworking and skillful craftsmen, diligent and committed women, and ambitious students have only one aim and that is to serve their country. They believe that their personal achievement will benefit not only themselves but also their country. They want to raise the flag of their country because they have a strong sense of patriotism. Love works wonders. Miracles are not beyond us if we are fired with the passion of patriotism. Patriotism fills us with a magnetic force which overcomes all our petty differences of languages and creeds.

Apple Research and Innovation

Apple Research and Innovation HIRAL GOPIYANI Apple has been in the USA and world commercial center since 1975 and today it is one of the pioneers in innovation showcase in the USA. Some even say, Apple is for the most part Steven Jobs life as opposed to an organizations history. The Company offers its products worldwide through its on the web stores, its retail locations, its immediate deals drive, and outsider wholesalers, affiliates, and esteem included affiliates. The Organization pitches to shopper, little and moderate sized business, instruction, venture, government, and imaginative clients. The Company is focused on bringing the best individual figuring, convenient computerized music and versatile correspondence experience to buyers, and organizations. The Organizations business technique use its one of a kind capacity to outline and build up its own particular working framework, equipment, application programming. The Company accepts constant interest in innovative work to the advancement and improvement of creative pro ducts and Technologies. Apple is a multinational innovation organization that makes PC and PDAs in the superior class of the items. In this worry, the greatest achievement of the Apple Company was essentially worried with its advancement to get changes the items and fulfill the need of the necessities, needs and inclinations of the items. Encourage, the accomplishment of the Apple Company was likewise worried with its improvement of notoriety and brand name throughout the years at the worldwide level. In addition, the arrangements of principles to give most recent innovation consistently in the advanced cell classification were additionally an accomplishment of the Apple Company, for example, iPod, iTunes, and iPhone. Furthermore, every one of these executions of the Apple Company inside the association made an enormous client base and request of the PDAs These strategies of the Apple established a solid establishment of the nature of the innovation that pull in the greater part of the clients steadfastness and trust towards its innovation. On the opposite side, the greatest disappointment of the Apple Company was essentially worried with intermittent failings of haughtiness, and inward fighting. These circumstances diminish the deals and notoriety in the outer market. Facilitate, the nearsightedness was likewise one of the greatest elements of the Apple Company that lessens the request of the items by the clients and the greatest disappointment. Also, the iPhone classification by Smartphone that was essentially a top-notch class client did not pull in white-collar class clients or family to buy the products. Apples Success Back to its Culture The Apples accomplishment in the worldwide market is fundamentally connected straightforwardly back to its way of life where an abnormal state of administration took a choice about a large portion of the vital changes to fulfill the normal need and needs of the requested Apple ideas and items by the clients. Encourage, the outline and advancement of the items, for example, iPod, iTunes and iPhone in its inventive improvement of the innovative culture can be an example of overcoming adversity that changed the enthusiasm of the clients to be savvy with keen innovation. Encourage, the standards of sound administration of the association additionally added to the accomplishment of Apple comprehensively on the grounds that it keeps up a decent association with clients for long lasting. Moreover, the dedication of the Apple Company towards creation of the PCs can be likewise a win that brought an arrangement of standard in efficiency and execution with the clients and it is connected specifically back to its way of life of genuineness and steadfastness . In addition, the third era of new iPad can be characterized as coherence of the cell phones to pull in new clients consistently by presenting. It is a nature of Apple Company to present the smooth and easy to understand GUIs, and tidiness and additionally the effortlessness of the OS that is likewise an achievement of its way of life. Apple Actions apply to the TCOs Apple is fundamentally TCOs arranged Company that accentuates about administration and quality amid the item life cycle. Also, the Service and Quality of the Apple that gives general effects on the TCO is a key wonder on the planet to draw in clients. Assist, the high cost of the Apple items is additionally a piece of the TCOs activity in the aggressive commercial center. Promote, the enduring advancement and chips away at consumer loyalty course is the primary need of Apple in view of the training of the buyers towards innovation and mindfulness as a dependable band together with solid items. Besides, the activity of the Apple is likewise worried with continually puts out new updates to the product to evacuate snags. The nature of the results of Apple holds their estimation of the cost incredibly well; due to this individuals can offer the utilized Smartphone again to the following clients at profitable cost. The Apple products are loaded with expandable memory and individuals can build the smash and hard drive space as indicated by the need. The potentials of Apple have not been ideally exploited along these decades, instigating the requirement for change. Over the past decade, the organization has not enough addressed the requirement for diversification. In spite of that limited diversity of products and services enhances specialization and proficiency. This is in thought to the rapid increase in competition in the technology industry. Reference The Huffington Post. Retrieved http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ira-kalb/apple- -success-or-fa_b_8060310.html Retrieved http://www.itworld.com/article/2826944/it-management/apple-s-greatest-triumphs-and-worst-failures.html Steve Jobs. USA: The Obsession That Drives Apples Success

Civil Disobedience: Are We Morally Obliged to Obey Unjust Laws? Essay

Are we morally obliged to obey even unjust laws? This moral question addresses what we commonly know as civil disobedience. In order to properly discuss civil disobedience and whether or not it is moral to disobey laws, we must first characterize civil disobedience. In Peter Singer's book, Practical Ethics he begins to characterize civil disobedience as arising from "ethical disagreement" and raising the question of whether "to uphold the law, even if the law protects and sanctions things we hold utterly wrong?" (Singer 292). Henry David Thoreau wrote an essay entitled Civil Disobedience that was published in 1854 in the collection of essays called Walden; or Life in the Woods. Thoreau first wrote of civil disobedience in opposition to the Mexican War, but his words still hold truth and meaning for us today. In Civil Disobedience Thoreau explains his ideas about government and whether or not we should obey laws that do not appear to the individual to be moral. Thoreau recognizes that there can be abuse to government, and simply because something is passed as law, does not make it right. He says: The government itself, which is only the mode which the people have chosen to execute their will, is equally liable to be abused and perverted before the people can act through it (Thoreau 1). With civil disobedience, we are discussing government and the law, and if we should uphold laws, even when they are not morally right and how, if we are to go against the law, should we do that? We should not have to obey laws that are unjust, but we also must look at each individual instance where injustice is occurring and carefully determine how to act. Civil disobedience must remain civil and not become violent. If disobedi... ...ly enough said, that a corporation has no conscience; but a corporation of conscientious men is a corporation with a conscience. Law never made a man a whit more just; and by means of respect for it, even the well disposed are made the agents of injustice (Thoreau 2). Violence is hard to justify when discussing civil disobedience. The whole idea behind civil disobedience is that it is a way to bring attention to an injustice without causing harm to others. Bibliography # Singer, Peter.Practical Ethics. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. 1993. # Thoreau, Henry David.Civil Disobedience and Other Essays. Dover Publications, Inc. Dover Thrift Editions. 1993 # The Sevagram Ashram. http://www.mkgandhi.org/sevagram/default.htm # People v Pitts. Michigan No. 186260. LC No. 95-003317. 1997. http://www.milawyersweekly.com/micoa/186260.HTM

War: From World War II to 2002 Essay -- essays research papers fc

War: From World War II to 2002 The end of World War II was the spawn of a new war that would continue for over fifty years: The Cold War. Technically this war was not a fifty-year physical confrontation between two countries but more of a political confrontation between the world’s two remaining super-powers. The dropping of the atomic bomb in 1945 on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was the beginning of a new arsenal that would lead to the development of nuclear weapons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After Japan and Germany were defeated in World War II, a solutions to prevent the future event of a third world war were taken by the establishment of the United Nations to outlaw all private wars. Another right of the United Nations was to punish those villains that were guilty of war crimes against humanity. The problem with this type of procedure is that the winners of a combat situation, whether right or wrong, are the ones that get to decide who is on the wrong side of the law and who is not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The atom bomb, which was mentioned earlier as the â€Å"problem solver† of World War II, would prove to lead to a larger dilemma. Prior to the atomic bomb and later the hydrogen bomb, it was thought that any weapon could be defended against. The problem with the communist countries of Russia was their doctrine of totalitarianism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main focus of the time was building an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), and the only countries with the resources were Russia and the United States. Russia shocked the world with the launch of Sputnik in 1957 followed by the first orbital flight around the world. It appeared that the Soviets were going to beat the Americans in the â€Å"Space Race† and reap all of the benefits from it as well: Reconnaissance, surveillance, communication, and delivery platforms for weapons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Russian’s philosophy was built on the teachings of Clausewitz in that they maintained that war was a political means, peace was only a step towards war, and that conflict is inevitable. The Soviet Union was in no hurry to attack any country, but the state did engage in other types of warfare, such as political, economical, and psychological. The United States formed the Counter-Intelligence Agency as a means to resist the communist state.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rest of the ... ...ed force was put together as a show of more than just observers. Forces were only dispatched if the host country approved them, and although they were authorized to carry arms there were strict rules that had to be followed. The UNEF could only use the weapons for self-defense, force could not be used to carry out their mission of observation, and they were not allowed to interfere with the countries administration. The UNEF would be expected to govern all of the United Nations actions after it’s establishment and for the most part has done so. Although the United Nation’s peacekeeping methods have not ended all threats to every country on the global front, the methods are a step in the right direction to a solution that provides every land with a peaceful resolution. WORKS CITED Brodie, Bernard and Fawn. From Crossbow to H-Bomb. (Bloomington, Indiana:Indiana University, 1973). Chap 9-11 Keegan, John. Mask of Command. (New York, New York: Viking Penguin, 1988). Conclusion Preston, Richard A., Alex Roland, and Sydney F. Wise. Men In Arms: A History of Warfare and its interrelationships With Western Society. (Belmont, California:Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning, 2001). Chap 19-22

Scientific Literacy in the Philippines

Module 6: Science Education in the Philippine Society Lesson 13: Scientific Literacy Science Literacy Science is frequently perceived to be of great importance because of its links to technology and industry which, from a national perspective, may be areas with high priority for development. Countries wanting to improve their people’s quality of life cannot escape the need to harness their science and technology capability as a way of developing competitiveness. Consequently, science is included as a core element in elementary and secondary levels despite conceptual complexity and high cost of implementation.Another justification for the inclusion of science in high school curricular is that all citizens need to achieve a degree of â€Å"scientific literacy† to enable them to participate effectively as citizens in modern societies. It is, therefore, important to be guided by past and present experiences in science education to be able to recognize the turning points for the country’s future which we need to decide now. Studies indicate however, that many of our Filipino learners are not attaining functional literacy, without which they find it too difficult to meet the challenges posed by our rapid changing world.Scientific literacy is a related concept to issue of cultural and technological literacy (a term used in recognition of the relationship between science and technology in everyday life). Some scientific educators have attempted to define or analyze it. The term ‘scientific literacy’ has been used in the literature for more than four decades (Gullagher and Harsch, 1997) although not always with the same meaning (Bybee, 1997). Benjamin Shen (1983) distinguishes 3 types of scientific literacy: practical, civic, and scientific cultural literacy.Practical scientific literacy is that kind of scientific and technical knowledge that can be put to use to help solve practical problems. The example given is that of the reduction in the dependence on infant formulae. Also, the use of alternative medicines like herbal plants instead of synthetic ones to prevent the cause of side effects that are harmful to one’s health. Civic scientific literacy enables the citizens to become more aware of science and science related issues so that he can face these issues with common sense. Shen defines civic scientific literacy as â€Å"a level of understanding of scientific terms and constructs sufficient to . . understand the essence of competing arguments on a given dispute on controversy†. An example common in many countries these days is the growing concern about the environment particularly the pollution of air, water and land. Media have contributed much to such awareness by bringing to public attention the activities of active environmental groups. However such concerns are more vigorous and numerous in developed countries than in developing countries. It is time that citizens of developing countries b ecame more aware and attentive to such matters. The third form is cultural scientific literacy.People who seek this form of scientific literacy desire to know something about science as a major human achievement. This group would come mostly from the intellectual community, those who watch television programs like Nova, Invention and similar discovery documentaries. The widely publicized subjects are based on the notion that scientific literacy has 3 components (Hodson) 1. substantive concepts with science 2. the nature of scientific activity 3. role of science in society and culture Norris and Philips(2003) argue that the term â€Å"scientific literacy† has been used to include various components from the following: a.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledge of the substantive content of science and the ability to distinguish from non-science; b. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Understanding science and its applications; c. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledge of what counts as science; d. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Independence in le arning science; e. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ability to think scientifically; f. )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ability to use scientific knowledge in problem solving; g. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledge needed for intelligent participation in science-based issues; h. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Understanding the nature of science, including its relationship with culture; i. )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Appreciation of and comfort with science, including its wonder and curiosity; j.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledge of the risks and benefits of science; and k. )  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ability to think critically about science and to deal with scientific expertise. They cite references to illustrate this. The confusion as to a precise meaning has led to a call to remove such term as a goal for school science literacy for future adult life through a longitudinal international study (OECD, 2007), although this has been criticized, not least because its measures are through written tests and questionnaires, which generally show developing countries to be in poor shape to meet such a goal. Philippine SettingThe Philippines established the National Science Development Board, in 1958 and Philippine Science High Schools or schools with science and tech-oriented classes were established because there is no streaming, or grouping of students according to their intellectual capacity at the higher levels of secondary school. Aims and Objectives The government recognizes the importance of science and technology capability for the development of our industry and country. The education sector collaborates with other government agencies to contribute to the success of government goals.As such, DECS (now DepEd) has focused its efforts towards programs and projects aimed at improving English, Science and Mathematics education in basic education. The objectives of elementary and secondary school science: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the end of grade VI, the student is expected to apply his scientific knowledge and skills in recogniz ing and solving problems in relation to health and sanitation, nutrition, food production, preparation and storage, environment and the conservation of its resources, and evolving better ways and means of doing things. Bureau of Elementary Education, 1998) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Secondary Science Education Programme aims to develop understanding of concepts and key principles of science, science processes, skills and desirable values to make the students scientifically literate, productive and effective citizens (Bureau of Secondary Education, 1998). Education for three types of literacy can come from both formal and informal sources. In developing countries like the Philippines, informal sources are not as easily accessible as they are in affluent and developed countries.Much of such learning can be derived from museums, science centers, and botanical gardens, zoos, well-ordinate programme of lectures and experiments, visits to manufacturing companies and indus trial sites, science fair and camps, media, clubs and science-related organizations. With a minimum of such resources, most developing countries rely on formal education (generally up to elementary levels only) for the development of scientific literacy of their citizens. ProblemsThe Survey of Outcomes of Elementary Education (SOUTEL) reported the poor performance of elementary school pupils and the lack of difference in the achievement of 5th and 6th grade. Third International Mathematics and science study (1915) reported also that Philippines ranked among the lowest scoring countries. Problems are encountered in curriculum, learning materials, teachers and students performance. Factors of low achievement in science and mathematics (Ibe, M) ? Absence of a science culture ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teacher training, the school curriculum   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Instructional material ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teacher-learning process ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Languag e instruction ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Governance of education Reforms I. Improvements are foreign-assisted projects implemented in the country. Among these are: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Science and Mathematics Education Manpower Development Program (SMEMDP) of the Japan Bank †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Project in Basic Education (ProBE) funded by Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) †¢ National Science Teaching and Instrumentation Center, a project with German governmentII. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Enhancing scientific literacy through science education is developing an ability to creatively utilize appropriate evidence-based scientific knowledge and skills, particularly with relevance for everyday life and a career, in solving personally challenging yet meaningful scientific problems as well as making responsible socio-scientific decisions. But it is necessary to recognize that enhancing scientific literacy is also dependent on the need to:Develop collective interaction skills, personal development and suitable communication approaches as well as the need to exhibit sound and persuasive reasoning in putting forward socio-scientific arguments. The emphasis on enhancing scientific literacy is placed on an appreciation of science; the development of personal attributes and be acquisition of socio-scientific skills and values. (Holbrook and Rannikmae, 2007) The government has a lot to do to improve the quality of science and technology education in the country.The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) should implement and develop the programs created. The school should nurture the talents and skills of students to develop their scientific literacy as well as appliying the knowledge in their lives. References: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Batomalaque, A. Basic Science Development Program of the Philippines for International Cooperation. University of San Car los, Cebu City, Philippines. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hernandez, D. History and Philosophy of Science Education. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Holbrook, J. and Rannikmae, M. 2009. â€Å"The Meaning of Science Literacy† in Coll, R. nd Taylor, N. (Eds. ), Special Issue on Scientific Literacy. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education. Vol. 4 No. 3. July, 2009. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ibe, M. and Ogena, E. â€Å"Science Education in the Philippines: An Overview. † Presented at the Science Education Congress, ISMED, November 27-28, 1998. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www. ibe. unesco. org/fileadmin/user upload/ archive/ curriculum/China/Pdf/beijingrep. pdf †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www. suite101. com/article. cfm/mass communication/ 95438 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www. sensepublishers. com/catalog/files/9789087905071. pdf

Discuss How Shakespeare Uses Language Essay

Discuss how Shakespeare uses language and dramatic techniques for character development in Act 2 Scene 2 of Measure for Measure. Shakespeare uses a variety of linguistic devices and dramatic techniques for character development from Act 2 Scene 2 to Scene 4. We see Angelo’s precise, business-like persona transform to temptation, and final cruelty whilst we see the true, confident side of Isabella as as she attempts to convince Angelo to reverse his judgement, but eventually loses her ignorant hope on the realisation of his true ‘purpose’. In Act 2 Scene 2 Shakespeare portrays Angelo as precise, intelligently dealing with the pleas of Isabella to save the life of her brother by reversing the death sentence that has been handed down to him. The scene begins with the Provost and Angelo discussing Claudio’s punishment. The Provost dares to ask Angelo if he really wants Claudio murdered, ‘All sects, all ages smack of this vice, and he to die for’t!’, and Angelo states that he does, ‘Did not I tell yea? Hast thou no order? Why dost thou ask again? ’. Shakespeare instantly uses dramatic technique of foreshadowing the conflict that is to follow through the sharp words exchanged between the two. Provost then asks what’s to be done with the woman he got pregnant, Juliet. Angelo still refuses to relent, and says that Juliet, who is in labour, should go to a more fitting place, away from everything that is going on ‘Dispose of her To some more fitter place’ Shakespeare’s lexical choice conveys his ruthless nature to the audience, in this context would mean ‘send her away’, but of course reading the text using more modern language; ‘dispose’ is an unpleasant word, especially when referring to a human being, where it seems incongruous, especially in reference to a pregnant woman, thus subtly foreshadowing the revealing of Angelo’s animalistic nature later in the scene. Angelo also calls Juliet a ‘fornicatress’, the harsh constanents of the name once again conjuring the theme that is constantly present through the play, that of appearance versus reality. Although Juliet appears from Angelo’s quick appraisal to be just a sinful person, her reality is far more complex; she is much better than most women of the time, she is not a prostitute or adulterer, rather her only fault was not securing a marriage contract before she slept with her fiancee. She is actually a woman of strength and principle, not the simple sinner that Angelo’s developing harsh, cruel character reduces her to. Isabella comes to see Angelo innocently, as shy as she appeared in her first scene at the nunnery, and begins to plead with him for Claudio’s life, ‘I have a brother is condemned to die. I do beseech you, let it be his fault, And not my brother’. Angelo is portrayed to be business-like and unrelenting, ‘Condemn the fault, and not the actor of it? Why, every fault’s condemned ere it be done’ but Lucio urges her to persist, encouraging her ‘Ay, touch him, there’s the vein’ acting as a kind of Greek chorus for the audience. She does, and calls upon Angelo’s pity, mercy, and moderation; she recognises that Angelo has the power to enforce the law in full, but impresses upon him that one must use power with moderation. Isabella’s strategy is a keen one, trying to persuade Angelo to have the same mercy for her brother that she has. Once again, the issue of mercy is urged upon Angelo, as is the theme of human weakness, which all, Isabella stresses, fall victim to. Her character is portrayed as increasingly canny, when she has to be; her argument is strong and persuasive, although it is not her argument that causes Angelo to relent, but his attraction to her. Isabella also touches upon the theme of use of power; ‘it is excellent to have a giant’s strength,’ she tells Angelo, ‘but it is tyrannous to use it as a giant’, making an allusion to ‘Jove’ to demonstrate her point – even the gods, with tremendous power, know how best to use their awesome abilities. This is another lesson that Angelo’s character must learn; for although he can use the law to its full extent if he wishes, he has to learn how to temper his power with mercy and heed moderation. Comparing the characters of Angelo and Isabella, one could argue that Isabella is ‘the symbol of goodness and mercy set against a background of moral decay’. Alternatively, one could see her character as self-righteous and hypocritical, as we later discover when she values her chastity higher than her brother’s life. Isabella continues arguing with Angelo until he finally relents and tells her to come back the next day to hear his judgement. Everyone leaves, and Angelo speaks a rather striking soliloquy, apparently talking to himself ‘†¦what art thou Angelo? Dost thou desire her foully for those things that make her good? ’. Thus, through Shakespeare’s staging, we learn that Angelo admits to himself that he is in love with Isabella because of her virtue and purity. Often characters in Shakespeare’s plays have soliloquies but they do not often refer to themselves in third person and when they do, it is often a sign of madness. Perhaps Shakespeare is suggesting this as a sign for Angelo. What is certain is that he is struggling with an inward battle between what he knows he should do and what he desires to do, as his develops and starts questioning the morality of his own character. It is with great irony that Isabella’s call to Angelo to mark the weaknesses in his own heart is answered by Angelo’s acknowledgement that he is tempted by Isabella. It is this temptation that brings from Angelo his first statement of mercy toward Claudio: ‘O, let her brother live! Thieves for their robbery have authority when judges steal themselves!’ Shakespeare shows how Angelo realises that with experience of one’s own weakness comes mercy for others’ failings; however, he soon ignores this lesson, and falls into hypocrisy in Act 2 Scene 4. In this scene, Isabella comes back the next day as Angelo had asked, and he begins by saying that Claudio must die. Isabella begins to leave, but Angelo begins to tempt her to save her brother, by offering herself instead. Isabella ignorantly misunderstands Angelo’s subtle sexual offer, and he is forced to tell her plainly that if she sleeps with him he will let Claudio live. Angelo accuses her of hypocrisy, and they discuss the frailty of women. In terms of character development in this scene, Angelo begins in a state of agitation, pondering why he cannot pray and with a new awareness of how the appearance of things might not be true to reality. Where before Angelo was unified in his intentions and actions, he has now become internally divided, ‘O place, O form, How often does thou with thy case, thy habit, Wrench awe from fools, and tie the wiser souls to thy false seeming! Blood, thou art blood. ’- questioning the power of authority, position and outward appearance to convince even wise men that false men are virtuous. Shakespeare uses language of coercion, ‘wrench’ and ‘tie’, and apostrophe – ‘O place, O form’ to perhaps illustrate the sophisticated and baffling nature of false appearances. Shakespeare also shows how Angelo is beginning to seduce Isabella with subtle and ambiguous lexis, but moving more and more towards blunt, harsh and animalistic discourse as the scene progresses. ‘I have begun, and now I give my sensual race the rein’; Shakespeare shows how Angelo has almost been possessed by his animal side. This is perhaps emphasised by the use of horse imagery, ‘race the rein’, as well as the use of plosives and dentals ‘fit they consent to my sharp appetite’, drawing attention to his teeth and lips, reinforcing his sexual lust and passion for Isabella. When Isabella enters, however, she meekly accepts Angelo’s judgement, but as the scene progresses she continues to find her voice. As Angelo descends into sensuality, she seems to become more pious and religously extreme, almost swapping roles with Angelo. ‘Th’ impression of keen whips I’d wear as rubies, and strip myself to death’ – Shakespeare uses images of love, death and falgellation to express her disgust at the idea of submitting to Angelo. Though the sentiment is spiritual, the language and images are highly physical, suggesting that her character would resist the carnal sexuality by yielding herself to more gruesome lovers: torture and death. Her innocence is also shattered by Angelo’s crass offer – she seems shocked to find out that justice might not be as perfect as it appears. Her naivety is gradually stripped away as Angelo easily overcomes her threat to expose him, and she sees that virtue does not necessarily triumph over iniquity. Yet, she still has ignorant faith in the honour of her brother, Claudio, and trusts that he will defend her honour even at the cost of his life.

Banned and Censored Music

The discussion of whether or not the censorship of music is constitutionally sound has come about.   This problem has been around since the beginning of music in one way or another.   The fact of the matter is that there is technically no such thing as the censorship of music in the United States(Banned Music 1).   Although that is supposedly the case, that statement can be very misleading.   It is stated in the First Amendment of the United States   Constitution that every American is granted the Freedom Of Speech.   This includes all musicians.   Contrary to this statement, there has been a numerous amount of cases in which a song or music group has been banned of either their right to perform their act on stage, or the sale of their album has been condemned as   illegal.   The troubling fact about music censorship is that music is considered to be an art form, and there are certain laws set up to protect art from being censored. People should have the right to ch oose what type of music they want to listen to in this country. Plagiarism Detection >Censorship is the control of what people may say or hear, write or read, or see or do.   Censorship can affect books, newspapers, magazines, motion pictures, radio and television programs, and speeches.   (World Book 345)  Most of the early problems with the censorship of music came about in the early 1950s.   This was the first real era of rock and roll in America. In 1954 a Michigan Congresswoman tried to pass a bill that stated that the mailing of any explicit or pornographic album could lead to some hefty jail time, up to five years if convicted. When looking back, the 50s had some of the most laughable incidences when songs were banned.   There was a Billie Holiday song by the name of Love For Sale, none of the radio stations were allowed to play it because of its strong sexual content and its depiction of prostitution.   In even a funnier case there was a song by the name of Tran sfusion banned because it was felt that a blood transfusion was not a laughing matter.   Perhaps the most farcical form of censorship in the 50s came about in 1957 when Elvis Presley was scheduled to perform on the Ed Sullivan show.   Cameramen were instructed not to film any of Elviss lower body because his dancing was considered inappropriate for the viewing audience(Elvis To Ice-T 3). What is so offensive about that to have it censored from the public. Times have changed though, today we just sit back and laugh at that type of censorship.The 1960s brought about a new wave of censorship.   During the 1960s, popular music diversified, and so did the censors. Although the censorship supposedly diversified, the uncalled-for censorship of certain music continued.   In 1964 the state of Indiana banned the song Louie Louie because they felt that it had some sexual content in it.   But if you listen to the words it is obvious that sexual content is no where to be found. In 196 7, the Rolling Stones were forced to change the lyrics of a song in order to perform it on national television because, of course, it had sexual content.   The song was called Lets Spend The Night Together and they were forced to say Lets Spend Some Time Together. Later that decade John Lennon and Yoko Onos album Two Virgins featured a naked picture of the two.   These albums were confiscated before they even had a chance to hit the record stores.   There was one Chicago retailer shut down by the vice squad for carrying this album(The 1960s 1). A piece of art is destroyed if altered. What would Michael Angelos famous sculpture The Thinker be like if somebody carved clothes on to him.   it wouldnt be what he attended and therefore   the art piece would loose most of its significance.People often times do not get offended as easily as they use to. In the early 1990s an album released by Nirvana featured a naked baby on the cover.   There was very little controversy over t he cover and there was no ban of the record sale. Unlike the 1950s, the 60s proved to have a few more controversial topics. That goes to show how people change their views about morality as time passes.The 1970s proved to have just as many controversial cases about censorship, as the fifties and sixties.   In April of 1971 Officials in Illinois released a list of popular music that contained drug references.   The list included the popular childrens song Puff The Magic Dragon and the Beatles Yellow Submarine, (The 1970s 1) This is so absurd.   These officials must really have had a lot of time on their hands to sit around and turn around the words to these wonderful children songs. If somebody wanted they could depict violating thoughts or images out of many different forms of art.The censorship of music only increased as the years passed by. In 1981 Olivia Newton Johns song Physical was banned because it was believed to have strong sexual content and this was considered to b e more than inappropriate for the Mormon religion. 1985 brought about one of the most prominent groups to support censorship in music.   This group was the Parents Music Resource Group.   This group was headed by Tipper Gore.   This group was later named the Parents Music Resource Center.  Ã‚   The PMRCs primary focus was getting record companies to monitor and rate their artists releases with a system similar to the MPAA system for movies.   This group brought about some problems about two types of music, rap and heavy metal.   The PMRC hit them so hard that it became very hard to find a rap or heavy metal record in stores.   In order to get around this many record labels released two versions of the same album, one was the original album and the second one was an edited version.   The PMRC created a type of stickering system.   Under the sticker system if an album was believed to be inappropriate, a sticker would be placed on the album cover.   This sticker wou ld indicate that the album should not be purchased by anyone under the age of eighteen due to explicit lyrics or violent behavior.   This was a big step backwards for those who were against the censorship of music.   This stickering system did not include the censorship of pornography.   In 1987 a singer by the name of Jello Biafra was arrested for the distribution of pornography.   He had a picture of a naked lady on the cover and was found to be inappropriate for the public.   These albums were later seized and his band eventually broke up.(The 1980s 1) Pornography and prostitution are often times found to be legal   in America, but a persons constitutional right of speaking freely can be outlawed by the same government, that really doesnt make since!The 90s by is the most controversial decade as far as censorship goes. With all of the Knew and   diversified types of music there is sure to be differences in taste.   The widely known incident about the subject of banned music took place between the police in Dade County Florida and the rap group 2 Live Crew.   2 Live Crew released a very risquà © album by the name of Me So Horny   The record sale and distribution of this album were deemed illegal in Florida and Alabama just to name a couple of states.   2 Live Crew were also arrested in Florida at a concert.   The police claimed that the performance was too obscene for the general public.   This led to 2 Live Crews next album to be titled Banned In The USA.   Later on that year rapper Ice Ts album Freedom of Speech was banned.   Its lyrics were also considered to be too obscene.   (Music Censorship: Elvis to Ice-T 5) It seems that rap music is taking the fall for music censorship.   Public Enemy, another rap group, has recently been under some heat for a video and an album they just recently released.   The name of the album By the Time I Get to Arizona features a video in which it depicts the governor of Arizona as a Da vid Duke type of character.   Public Enemy claims that it is just trying to get its point across that it is wrong that the state of Arizona does not celebrate Martin Luther King Jr. Day(Loder, Censorship, A Town Meeting).   Evan Mecham, the former governor of Arizona had this to say about the matter, I could not understand how anyone could have the gall to market something like that and call it entertainment,(Gregory Lewis 1).   It should be added that Mecham was impeached for abolishing Martin Luther King Day as a national holiday.   So I guess that you could say that Public Enemy was trying to get a point across and they succeeded.In the mid 1990s many large chain stores took a major role in the sales of these so called obscene albums.   Such stores as Wal Mart and K Mart decided not to sale any records that proved to be obscene.   This meant that if a record label wanted to sell a lot of copies of an album, they would have to start making sure they were acceptable for the general public. Since the Wal- Marts and K -Marts were so big it would be really hard to sale a large quantity of the albums at record stores.      As you can see, censorship is a big part of the music industry these days.   Obviously censorship has been around for a while, but is it all that it is cracked up to be?There are many groups or coalitions who believe the answer to this question is no.   There is a group by the name of the Free Music Coalition, based out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that is always fighting for the right of musicians.   They feel that the censorship of music is wrong and it is bad for the music community.   The Free Music Coalition has three basic goals: 1.   To educate the public about the seriousness of the threats we are facing.   Church groups, politicians, and the police have formed a network to censor music.   Fans need to understand this to effectively fight back.   2.   To organize a counter attack.   To be successful everyone must band together, only then will activities such as letter writing campaigns, petitions, boycotts and demonstrations produce results.   3.   Make censorship illegal.   The First Amendment is supposed to protect our freedom of expression, but lawmakers and police are able to twist the laws to stop ideas that they find dangerous or offensive.   What we need is a law that prohibits the censoring and labeling of records, books, arts, or films.   Only then can artists create without a cloud of fear hanging over them.   Only then can we enjoy the music we want to hear ( Fighting Censorship 1). Plagiarism Detection >The Free Music Coalition is against the censorship of music because censorship is unfair to musicians.   In a recent case in Michigan it wasnt a bands lyrics that got banned, it was one of their T-shirts.   A young boy went to school with the inscription Korn on his plain black shirt. He was asked to change the shirt, and if he didnt, he would be sus pended (Music Censorship: Elvis to Ice -T 12). This incident can be more rightly justified; the Offense Principle states that a person can be stopped from doing want he or she wants do if it is going to offend others(Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues 203). Everybody has a choice about what kind of music they want to listen to. My friend is big into rap music, and I am offended by the language used in it.   It is his choice to buy and to listen to it, and it is mine not to. Him buying it doesnt affect me, so there for it should be his right.   If nobody is affected   by a persons actions then it should be allowed.The First Amendment in the U.S. Constitution states pacifically that each person has the right to freedom of speech.    Congress shall make no law representing an   establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free   exercise there of; or abridging the freedom of speech,   or of the press; or of the right of the people living   peaceably to assemble, an d petition the government for   a redress of grievances.   If a person is not allowed to express themselves and their feelings vividly, then they are not being given the right that is rightfully theirs.    Artists have never had their drawings censored because they are inappropriate, and boxers dont get censored because their sport is too violent, so why should musicians?   Sure, some of the music out there is not appropriate for little kids to hear, but it is not the musicians responsibility to make sure youngsters do not hear it. So, for those people who believe the censorship of music is correct, maybe they should take their own advice and start censoring what they and their kids buy, and quit worrying about what others are buying. America is based on individual rights and individual differences.   Censoring the music in this country would go against everything America is all about. People should be able to choose want they want or dont want.

USA Patriot Act 2001 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

USA Patriot Act 2001 - Research Paper Example Jim Sensenbrenner brought H.R. 3162 to the floor. The bill was passed on October 24, 2001 with the overwhelming support of both the Democrat and Republican parties. The nation's security enforcers such as the FBI and CIA seemed to be powerless to stop such a strong opponent from attacking America because, as then senator Joe Biden explained it (â€Å"The USA PATRIOT Act: Preserving Life and Liberty â€Å", n.d.): â€Å"Many of the tools the Act provides to law enforcement to fight terrorism have been used for decades to fight organized crime and drug dealers, and have been reviewed and approved by the courts. As Sen. Joe Biden (D-DE) explained during the floor debate about the Act, "the FBI could get a wiretap to investigate the mafia, but they could not get one to investigate terrorists. To put it bluntly, that was crazy! What's good for the mob should be good for terrorists." (Cong. Rec., 10/25/01)† At the time that the bill was passed into law, everything that it contained in terms of investigating and going after terrorists on American soil seemed to make sense. The country finally had a law that would force the law enforcement agencies to work as a team rather than independently of each other in an effort to bring terrorist activities to the front lines (Fritscher, 2007). It gave them a legal method through which they could investigate and surveille suspected terrorists. It was actually because of the difficulties that the various government agencies experienced in investigating possible terrorist acts that this law came into being. By allowing the law to give our law enforcement officials the power and tools with which to conduct their investigations pertaining to perceived terrorist threats within the country, our lawmakers have made the country a safer p lace for all concerned to live in (Mathewson, 2009). Under the law, the legal barriers that existed previously which prevented the government agencies from sharing intelligence with one another was removed. Thus allowing for a more collective effort in the fight against terrorist. This was because they now had the ability to see the over all picture of a terrorist plot using bits and pieces of collated information from various sources. To quote Sen. John Edwards (â€Å"The USA PATRIOT Act: Preserving Life and Liberty â€Å", n.d.) : "we simply cannot prevail in the battle against terrorism if the right hand of our government has no idea what the left hand is doing". The U.S.A. Patriot Act of 2001 has the country's best interests at heart. However, there are sectors of society that view the law as one that was haphazardly put together due to the jittery nerves that existed at the time. The law was passed with little to no debate in both legislative houses, and the more than three h undred and forty page document was passed with majority of congress never even having read a single page. All because of a perceived enemy that was little understood in the annals of American history (Point, n.d.). The problem with the law, is that it inadvertently approved investigatory tools that used to be denied by congress on the basis of domestic privacy issues (Point, n.d.). While our constitution guarantees certain rights to privacy in Constitutional Amendments four to eight, the Patriot Act repeals such privacy assurances for its citizens in the name of national security. Instead, the act opens up the citizens of the land to various possible abuses in authority that did not exist before the passing of the US Patriot Act of 200

Physiotherapy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Physiotherapy - Assignment Example All practitioners use different sources to inform clinical practice in order to increase their effectiveness in the delivery of care. Section 8.5 of the QAS in the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP) requires physiotherapists to identify the best treatment options based on sources such as clinical guidelines and empirical evidence (Chartered Society of Physiotherapy 2012, sec. 8). Other sources include utilizing the highly experienced physiotherapists and the clinical performance instruments and models, which improves delivery of care. These sources are reliable and when used in clinical practice, they enhance professional empowerment, increase the ability to solve problems and increase the quality of care delivered to patients. On another hand, the sources are prone to inadequate reporting, homogeneity and generalization of the research findings. The CSP has also provided standards that govern the reflective practice in physiotherapy. In section 3.1, practitioners are required to reflect and engage in continuing professional development (CPD) process in order to be competent in health practice. One can utilize reflective models to analyse one’s learning experience and achieve the quality assurance standards stipulated in the CSP. The most commonly used models include the Atkins and Murphy model of reflection and John’s model of reflection of 1994. Over the past decades,emphasis has been put in evaluating the quality of services delivered by physiotherapist whilst in practice. As a result, the practitioners have increasingly utilized empirical research as a source of information, which support decision making.In order to improve decision-making and problem-solving, practitioners have been encouraged to transfer the research findings into the clinical practice.As a result, the evidence based practice has been born. Research shows that evidence based practice requires three components, that is, the physiotherapists,